The framing effect: the same truth, two different decisions
"90 per cent survive" and "10 per cent die" say the same thing. Yet people, doctors included, make different decisions depending on how the information is presented.
How we think, what we believe, and how thoughts shape our actions.
35 articles
"90 per cent survive" and "10 per cent die" say the same thing. Yet people, doctors included, make different decisions depending on how the information is presented.
In a Californian supermarket, a table with 24 kinds of jam attracted more people than one with 6. But far fewer bought. This experiment became the symbol of the "paradox of choice". What do we know today?
When we think of a future loss or win, we believe it will affect us strongly and for a long time. We are often wrong on both counts. This error has consequences for the decisions we make.
A new car, a higher salary, a bigger house. At first they make us happy, then they become an ordinary part of life. Psychologists call this adaptation. But it does not work the same way for everything.
A stain on your shirt, a wrong word in a meeting, a hair out of place. It seems everyone has noticed. Research shows that most people have seen nothing.
For years, well-known books claimed that simple words could unconsciously change how we walk or act. When scientists tried to replicate these studies, many were not confirmed.
Repeating positive sentences about ourselves can make us feel worse if we do not believe them. But writing for a few minutes about the values that matter to you can, according to studies, ease threat and stress.
The more often we see something, the more we tend to like it, even when we do not remember having seen it. It is one of the most robust effects in psychology.
Some people believe their life depends mainly on what they do. Others believe it depends mainly on luck and on other people. This belief shapes how we act.
After a bad event, some people turn it over in their minds for hours and days: why it happened, what it means, why I feel this way. This is called rumination, and it often prolongs the pain.
The famous study showed that those who do worst on a test greatly overestimate their performance. But the graph circulating online says much more than the study.
Some people see stress as something that only harms. Others see it as something that can help them prepare. Studies suggest this difference affects how we experience stress.
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